As we hit the latter part of August and head into September, there¡¯s one question you may hear more and more: ÏÄÐݤߤϤɤ³¤«¤ËÐФ­¤Þ¤·¤¿¤«£¿ (Natsu yasumi wa dokoka ni ikimashita ka?, Did you go anywhere over summer vacation?)

There¡¯s a lot to explore in Japan, including 47 ¶¼µÀ¸®±h (³Ù´Ç»å¨­´Ú³Ü°ì±ð²Ô, administrative divisions), °ÙÃûɽ (hyakumeizan, 100 famous mountains), 260 inhabited u (shima, islands) and over 13,000 ŸoÈËu (³¾³ÜÂá¾±²Ô³Ù¨­, uninhabited islands). In order to talk about past and future trips, you¡¯ll need a good grasp on the language of getting around.

In figuring out where you¡¯ve been, where you are and where you¡¯re going, though, it¡¯s first and foremost important to know the ËÄ·½ (²õ³ó¾±³ó¨­, four cardinal directions) in Japanese: –| (higashi, east), Î÷ (nishi, west), ÄÏ (minami, south) and ±± (kita, north). Together, they are read as –|Î÷Äϱ± (³Ù¨­³ú²¹¾±²Ô²¹²Ô²ú´Ç°ì³Ü, east, west, south and north). Additionally, kanji like ÖÐ (³¦³ó¨±, central) and ½ü (kin, near) often feature in directional terminology and, when it comes to regional names, would have likely been used to determine proximity to ´óÚæ (?saka) or ÄÎÁ¼ (Nara), previous Ê×¶¼ (shuto, capital cities).