Last year, Japan granted refugee status to just 20 out of a record-high 19,629 applicants. After the figure was released in February, global and domestic coverage was noticeably polarized.

Some slammed Âé¶¹´«Ã½ strict asylum policy, saying that the world¡¯s third-largest economy has failed to meet its responsibilities as a signatory of the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention. Others, however, maintained that the majority of the applicants are ¡°fake refugees,¡± or migrant workers who just tried to abuse an apparent loophole in the refugee application system to get a special work permit in Japan.

Which is true? Experts say there may be some truth to both, given the complex reality surrounding the refugee status applicants in Japan. Here¡¯s a closer look at the controversial refugee screening system and recent spike in asylum applications.